![]() However, there are several key consumer concerns holding BEVs from becoming mainstream and preventing mass adoption. Furthermore, several major car manufacturers, such as Tesla, Nissan, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Volkswagen, are making their EV models both appealing and increasingly affordable. The annual emission of BEVs can effectively be made near-zero by using renewable energy sources for battery charging.īesides promising a greener alternative to gasoline vehicles, BEVs also provide several other attractive features, such as lower operating costs and lower maintenance. While BEVs have zero tailpipe or direct emissions, the total annual emission of a BEV largely depends on the electric energy sources used for charging the battery 2. The total annual emission from a BEV is less than one-third of a comparable gasoline vehicle on average across the US 2. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are introducing a paradigm shift that promises a dramatic reduction in GHG emissions. Lightweight surface vehicles, such as cars and trucks, are major contributors to GHG emissions in transportation due to their dependence on fossil fuel, with a typical passenger vehicle emitting nearly 4.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. Similar content being viewed by othersĪccording to the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), transportation takes the largest share (29%) of all economic sectors in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission 1. Additionally, through statistical analysis, we show that a significant reduction in carbon emission is also possible if MoCS can be powered by renewable energy sources. We have evaluated the effectiveness of P2C2 using a well-characterized simulation platform and observed dramatic improvement in BEV mobility. We have designed the overall P2C2 framework and formalized the decision-making process of the cloud-based control system. The faster but smaller batteries are used for charge transfer between vehicles, while the slower but larger ones are used for prolonged charge storage. To reduce BEV-to-BEV contact time without increasing manufacturing costs, we propose to use multiple batteries of varying sizes and charge transfer rates. Unlike existing V2V charging solutions, the charge sharing in P2C2 takes place while the BEVs are in-motion, which aims at minimizing travel time loss. ![]() To re-vitalize a BEV fleet, which is continuously in motion, we introduce Mobile Charging Stations (MoCS), which are high-battery-capacity vehicles used to replenish the overall charge in a vehicle network. The central idea is to enable BEVs to share charge among each other while in motion through coordination with a cloud-based control system. In this paper, we propose Peer-to- Peer Car Charging (P2C2), a scalable approach for charging BEVs that alleviates the need for elaborate charging infrastructure. Existing solutions to overcome these barriers, such as building more charging stations, increasing battery capacity, and stationary vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging, often suffer from prohibitive investment costs, incompatibility to existing BEVs, or long travel delays. ![]() ![]() However, mass adoption of BEVs faces major barriers due to consumer worries over several important battery-related issues, such as limited range, long charging time, lack of charging stations, and high initial cost. BEVs promise to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a result of the transportation sector. With rising concerns over fossil fuel depletion and the impact of ICE vehicles on the climate, electric mobility is widely considered as the future of sustainable transportation. BEVs use electric motors rather than fossil fuels for propulsion and typically store electric energy in lithium-ion cells. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles due to benefits in improved fuel economy, lower operating cost, and reduced emission.
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